The
HashMap class uses a hash table to implement the
Map interface. This allows the execution time of basic operations, such as
get() and
put(), to remain constant even for large sets.
The following constructors are defined:
HashMap( )
HashMap(Map
m)
HashMap(int
capacity)
HashMap(int
capacity, float
fillRatio)
The first form constructs a default hash map. The second form initializes the hash map by using the elements of
m. The third form initializes the capacity of the hash map to
capacity. The fourth form initializes both the capacity and fill ratio of the hash map by using its arguments. The meaning of capacity and fill ratio is the same as for
HashSet, described earlier.
HashMap implements
Map and extends
AbstractMap. It does not add any methods of its own. You should note that a hash map does
not guarantee the order of its elements. Therefore, the order in which elements are added to a hash map is not necessarily the order in which they are read by an iterator.
The following program illustrates
HashMap. It maps names to account balances. Notice how a set-view is obtained and used.
package org.best.example;
import java.util.*;
class HashMapDemo {
public static void main(String args[]) {
// Create a hash map
HashMap hm = new HashMap();
// Put elements to the map
hm.put("John Doe", new Double(3434.34));
hm.put("Tom Smith", new Double(123.22));
hm.put("Jane Baker", new Double(1378.00));
hm.put("Todd Hall", new Double(99.22));
hm.put("Ralph Smith", new Double(-19.08));
// Get a set of the entries
Set set = hm.entrySet();
// Get an iterator
Iterator i = set.iterator();
// Display elements
while(i.hasNext()) {
Map.Entry me = (Map.Entry)i.next();
System.out.print(me.getKey() + ": ");
System.out.println(me.getValue());
}
System.out.println();
// Deposit 1000 into John Doe's account
double balance = ((Double)hm.get("John Doe")).doubleValue();
hm.put("John Doe", new Double(balance + 1000));
System.out.println("John Doe's new balance: " +
hm.get("John Doe"));
}
}
Output from this program is shown here:
Ralph Smith: -19.08
Tom Smith: 123.22
John Doe: 3434.34
Todd Hall: 99.22
Jane Baker: 1378.0
John Doe's current balance: 4434.34
The program begins by creating a hash map and then adds the mapping of names to balances. Next, the contents of the map are displayed by using a set-view, obtained by calling
entrySet(). The keys and values are displayed by calling the
getKey() and
getValue() methods that are defined by
Map.Entry. Pay close attention to how the deposit is made into John Doe's account. The
put() method automatically replaces any preexisting value that is associated with the specified key with the new value. Thus, after John Doe's account is updated, the hash map will still contain just one "John Doe" account.
